Thomas E Dougherty

US Patent:

7683854, Mar 23, 2010

Filed:

Feb 9, 2006

Appl. No.:

11/350429

Inventors:

Daniel F. Sievenpiper - Los Angeles CA, US
Thomas K. Dougherty - Playa Del Rey CA, US
John J. Drab - Santa Barbara CA, US
Solomon O. Robinson - Oxnard CA, US

Assignee:

Raytheon Company - Waltham MA

International Classification:

H01Q 15/02

US Classification:

343909, 343700 MS, 4551931

Abstract:

A tunable impedance surface includes a varactor. The varactor comprises a bottom electrode formed on a surface of a substrate. First and second ferroelectric elements are on top of the bottom electrode and electrically connected to one another through the bottom electrode. A first top electrode is on top of and electrically connected to the first ferroelectric element and a second top electrode is on top of and electrically connected to the second ferroelectric element.

US Patent:

46158421, Oct 7, 1986

Filed:

Sep 23, 1985

Appl. No.:

6/779604

Inventors:

Thomas K. Dougherty - Rancho Palos Verdes CA

Assignee:

Hughes Aircraft Company - Los Angeles CA

International Classification:

C07C14302

US Classification:

260513F

Abstract:

A method is disclosed for making amino-substituted ethynylated biphenyl compounds, which includes selectively nitrating symmetrically substituted biphenyl compounds, reacting the resulting nitro-substituted aromatic compound with a copper acetylide to replace the iodo substituents with ethynyl groups, and then reacting the ethynylated, nitro-substituted aromatic compound with hydrogen in the gas phase to reduce the nitro groups to amino groups. The preferred nitrating agent is nitronium trifluoromethanesulfonate, made by reaction of anhydrous nitric acid with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride in an anhydrous solvent.

US Patent:

53373766, Aug 9, 1994

Filed:

Apr 19, 1993

Appl. No.:

8/049461

Inventors:

Robert G. Ravetti - Rancho Palos Verdes CA
Thomas K. Dougherty - Playa Del Rey CA

Assignee:

Hughes Aircraft Company - Los Angeles CA

International Classification:

G02B 514

US Classification:

385 12

Abstract:

A chemically sensitive sensor capable of detecting changes in concentrations of ions, atoms, or molecules in a fluid environment in which the sensor is immersed or embedded comprises a thin clad optical fiber, which is coated with a polymer which is permeable to liquids and which contains a chemically sensitive material, and a light carrying fiber. The polymeric material has the ability to change color and/or absorbance when the concentration of the ion, atom, or molecule in the surrounding environment changes. The polymer will return to its original color and/or absorbance state once the concentration goes back to the original value. The color change or absorbance is detected through the core of the optical fiber which is connected to a photodetector. The coupling of the light into the sensing structure is obtained by using a core-only optical fiber, surrounded by a clad material, in addition to an external light source. Coupling of the external light beam with the polymeric coated fiber is obtained through microbending losses in reverse by spooling the coated fiber around the clad material.

US Patent:

48661562, Sep 12, 1989

Filed:

Jul 29, 1987

Appl. No.:

7/079189

Inventors:

Thomas K. Dougherty - Irvine CA

Assignee:

Hughes Aircraft Copmany - Los Angeles CA

International Classification:

C08G 6538
C08G 7504

US Classification:

528219

Abstract:

Novel processes are provided for synthesizing 2,2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)hexafluoropropane and the use of this synthesized monomer in polymerization reactions to form poly(arylethers) or poly(arylthioethers). Synthesis of 2,2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)hexafluoropropane involves converting the commonly available compound Bisphenol AF to an amino-substituted form, followed by treatment with borofluoric acid and a nitrite, and then an aromatic solvent to obtain the monomer. The monomer can be mixed with either a dihydroxy diphenyl hexafluoropropane or a dimercapto diphenyl hexafluorpropane to cause a nucleophilic substitution reaction, thereby yielding the desired poly(arylether) or poly(arylthioether).

US Patent:

48270547, May 2, 1989

Filed:

Jul 18, 1988

Appl. No.:

7/221003

Inventors:

Thomas K. Dougherty - Irvine CA

Assignee:

Hughes Aircraft Company - Los Angeles CA

International Classification:

C07C 1722
C07C 2118

US Classification:

570141

Abstract:

Novel processes are provided for synthesizing 2,2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)hexafluoropropane and the use of this synthesized monomer in polymerization reactions to form poly(arylethers) and poly(arylthioethers). Synthesis of 2,2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)hexafluoropropane involves converting the commonly available compound Bisphenol AF to an amino-substituted form, followed by treatment with borofluoric acid and a nitrite, and then an aromatic solvent to obtain the monomer. The monomer can be mixed with either a dihydroxy diphenyl hexafluoropropane or a dimercapto diphenyl hexafluorpropane to cause a nucleophilic substitution reaction, thereby yielding the desired poly(arylether) or poly(arylthioether).

US Patent:

47821841, Nov 1, 1988

Filed:

Dec 19, 1984

Appl. No.:

6/683951

Inventors:

Thomas K. Dougherty - Rancho Palos Verdes CA

Assignee:

Hughes Aircraft Company - Los Angeles CA

International Classification:

C07C 87452
C07D21512
C07D21336
C07D20700

US Classification:

564307

Abstract:

A method is disclosed for making amino-substituted ethynlated biphenyl compounds, which includes selectively nitrating symmetrically substituted biphenyl compounds, reacting the resulting nitro-substituted aromatic compound with a copper acetylide to replace the iodo substituents with ethynyl groups, and then reacting the ethynylated, nitro-substituted aromatic compound with hydrogen in the gas phase to reduce the nitro groups to amino groups. The preferred nitrating agent is nitronium trifluoromethanesulfonate, made by reaction of anhydrous nitric acid with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride in an anhydrous solvent.

Author:

Thomas W. Dougherty

ISBN #:

0256211892

Author:

Thomas J. Dougherty

ISBN #:

0819417394

Author:

Thomas J. Dougherty

ISBN #:

0819435252

Author:

Thomas J. Dougherty

ISBN #:

0819443514