A method and system for on-line measurements of mineral additives in or on a paper web utilizing shaped spectrum x-rays and solid-state PIN detectors. Each of three detectors are cover by a filter used to shape the spectrums of x-rays received by the detectors. The filters are selected to maximize sensitivity differences between detectors for the desired detectable mineral additives. A computer processes signals from the detectors and from basis weight and moisture measuring instruments to determine total mineral content, and the individual amounts of mineral additives in or on (e. g. coating) the paper web.
Infrared Measuring Apparatus And Method For On-Line Application In Manufacturing Processes
Gary Neil Burk - Powell OH, US Thomas Michael Domin - Galena OH, US Rodney Dale Maxson - Columbus OH, US Dennis Charles Daugherty - Grove City OH, US Steven Perry Sturm - Dublin OH, US
A single vane shutter flag is asynchronously controlled so that a measuring system light source is interrupted for a minimum necessary amount of time for standardization/calibration and normalization of InGaAs system detectors. Source/detector hemispheres or serially connected randomly oriented fiber bundles homogenize light passing to the detectors. Light source testing is performed by measuring spectral power distributions at a plurality of light source power levels and comparing the measurements to baseline characteristics established for the light source. Calibration sample life is extended indefinitely by controlling the shutter flag to block source light except for short calibration time periods during which standard light levels are provided.
System And Method Of Composition Correction For Beta Gauges
Beta gauge composition correction is performed using signals from a plurality of detectors that are positioned so that the ratio of radiation received by the detectors depends on the composition of material through which the radiation passes before reaching the detectors. Radiation is measured at the detectors and the differences between radiation received by the detectors is used to compensate the beta gauge to correct for composition variations. An array of detectors is divided into inner detectors generally aligned with the central portion of a beta radiation beam and at least one set of outer detectors surrounding, at least in part, the inner detectors. Measurements are made including all the detectors, the inner detectors and the at least one set of outer detectors with the difference between the measurements made by the inner detectors and the outer detectors being used to compensate the total measurement made by all the detectors.
Dennis Charles Daugherty - Grove City OH, US Rodney Dale Maxson - Columbus OH, US Steven Perry Sturm - Dublin OH, US
Assignee:
ABB Inc. - Columbus OH
International Classification:
G01N 21/86 G01N 21/84
US Classification:
25055901, 356430
Abstract:
A measuring apparatus is provided having an illumination unit including a source of electromagnetic radiation, fiber optic apparatus and sensing apparatus. The fiber optic apparatus includes first fiber optic structure having an input end for receiving at least a portion of electromagnetic radiation emitted from the radiation source and an output end for directing the received radiation to a web of material, and second fiber optic structure having an input end for receiving radiation reflected from the web of material and an output end for directing the reflected radiation to the sensing apparatus. The sensing apparatus includes a first detector for sensing electromagnetic radiation of a first wavelength band and generating a corresponding first output signal and a second detector for sensing electromagnetic radiation of a second wavelength band and generating a corresponding second output signal indicative of a first property to be measured of the web of material.
Method And Apparatus For On-Line Web Property Measurement
Steven P. Sturm - Dublin OH, US Michael S. O'Hora - Dundalk, IE Rodney D. Maxson - Supply VA, US
Assignee:
ABB, Ltd. - Dublin
International Classification:
G01N 21/86
US Classification:
25033907
Abstract:
Web measurement system monitors properties of a web during manufacture without chopping measuring radiation during web measurement. A single chop is performed at each sheet edge or every nsheet edge to measure edge temperature and edge thermal radiation for correction for Planckian radiation. Correction factors, including Planckian radiation correction factors, are derived for each point in a web profile. The measuring system also enables derivation of correction factors during operation in a single point and similar machine operating modes.
Methods And Apparatus For Measuring Characteristics Of Moving Webs
Ake A. Hellstrom - Columbus OH Wim Muller - Westendorp, NL Steven P. Sturm - Columbus OH Alan M. Reid - Columbus OH
Assignee:
ABB Process Automation, Inc. - Columbus OH
International Classification:
G01N 2316 G21F 5015
US Classification:
2503601
Abstract:
Characteristics of moving webs are measured using a radiation source shutter which is rotatably movable between an opened-shutter position and a closed-shutter position and structured to permit access to the radiation source in the closed-shutter position. The source is configured to produce a fan-shaped radiation beam which passes through the web to a detector. The sizing of the fan-shaped beam and the detector together with the spacing the source and the detector are such that the beam width is substantially less than the detector while its length is greater than the detector. This novel beam shaping, detector arrangement provides composition insensitivity, increases solid beam angle and superior streak detection by aligning the beam length dimension with the direction of web movement. Alignment insensitivity is obtained by tuning the radiation beam using concentric rings or crossed strips of material which is semi-transparent to the radiation to compensate for geometric characteristics of the radiation source/beam and the detector. Air within an open portion of a measuring column extending between the radiation source and detector is conditioned and also used to condition electronics associated with the detector.
Methods And Apparatus For Measuring And Controlling Curing Of Polymeric Materials
The degree of cure of a traveling carbonaceous polymeric material (on 48), formed (at 34) from a plurality of chemical reactants (32) and subjected to a curing process (at 42 and 44) is determined by directing (with 86 and 88) into the traveling material radiations including a first infrared radiation (A1) from the group thereof adapted to selectively interact with molecular resonance vibrations at frequencies that are characteristic of respective terminal functional groups of atoms involved in reactions that take place in the material during the curing process. Also directed into the material is a second infrared radiation that is either of the kind (R) that does not exhibit substantial selective interaction with molecular resonance vibrations in the material or of the kind (A2) that is adapted to selectively interact with molecular resonance vibrations at a frequency that is characteristic of groups of atoms forming the backbones of the polymeric molecules in the material. Received (at 102) from the traveling material are radiations (148) that have interacted with the material. Produced (at 116, 118 and 122) from the received radiations are first and second responses to the first and second radiations.
The printability of paper coated with kaolinite clay is dependent upon the flatness of kaolinite alumino-silicate clay platelets on the surface thereof. The flatness is determined by calculating the ratio of two infrared absorption bands from two specific types of structural hydroxyls characteristic of kaolinite clay platelet crystals.