Niloy D Bhadra

US Patent:

20080294221, Nov 27, 2008

Filed:

Jun 17, 2008

Appl. No.:

12/214256

Inventors:

Kevin Kilgore - Avon Lake OH, US
Niloy Bhadra - Cleveland Heights OH, US

Assignee:

CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY - CLEVELAND OH

International Classification:

A61N 1/34
A61N 1/32

US Classification:

607 46, 607118, 607 2

Abstract:

An example method for selectively and reversibly preventing the conduction of action potentials in a targeted nerve region is presented. The method includes generating an electrical waveform having two phases and selectively depolarizing a nerve membrane using the electrical waveform. The nerve membrane is depolarized to a state where the nerve membrane cannot conduct an action potential. The depolarization is achieved by selectively repetitively providing the electrical waveform to a targeted nerve region associated with the nerve region to control m gates and h gates in the region and thus to control the availability of ions.

US Patent:

20100241190, Sep 23, 2010

Filed:

Oct 28, 2008

Appl. No.:

12/739413

Inventors:

Kevin L. Kilgore - Cleveland Heights OH, US
Niloy Bhadra - Cleveland Heights OH, US

Assignee:

CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY - Cleveland OH

International Classification:

A61N 1/00

US Classification:

607 48

Abstract:

A method of blocking signal transmission through a nerve with reduced onset activity includes applying an HFAC to an axon of a nerve to block the transmission of signals through the axon. The method may also include applying a direct current (DC) to the axon, increasing the amplitude of the DC over time to a predetermined amplitude, applying the HFAC, and then decreasing the DC. The method may also include temporarily reducing the amplitude of the HFAC to permit the transmission of signals through the axon and subsequently increasing the amplitude to block transmission without triggering an onset response. The method may also include temporarily applying an unbalanced charge to the nerve and then balancing the charge over time.

US Patent:

20110160798, Jun 30, 2011

Filed:

Nov 18, 2010

Appl. No.:

12/949074

Inventors:

Kevin Kilgore - Avon Lake OH, US
Niloy Bhadra - Cleveland Heights OH, US
Narendra Bhadra - Chesterland OH, US

Assignee:

CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY - Cleveland OH

International Classification:

A61N 1/00

US Classification:

607 46

Abstract:

Example ionic coupling electrodes are described. One example ionic conducting electrode includes a first portion that can be coupled to a single phase current source. The first portion carries current flow via electrons. The electrode includes a second portion to apply a current to a nerve tissue. The second portion carries current flow via ions. The second portion is positioned between the nerve tissue and the first portion to prevent the first portion from touching the nerve tissue. The current applied to the nerve tissue is produced in the second portion in response to a current that is present in the first portion. The current present in the first portion is provided from a single phase current source. The electrode may be used in applications including, but not limited to, nerve block applications and nerve stimulation applications.

US Patent:

20220401733, Dec 22, 2022

Filed:

Aug 18, 2022

Appl. No.:

17/890327

Inventors:

- Clevenland OH, US
Jesse S. WAINRIGHT - Cleveland OH, US
Niloy BHADRA - Cleveland OH, US
Kevin L. KILGORE - Cleveland OH, US

International Classification:

A61N 1/36
A61N 1/04
A61N 1/05
A61N 1/20

Abstract:

The present disclose relates to slurry electrodes that can deliver direct current (DC) nerve conduction block to neural tissue. Such slurry electrodes can include an ionically conductive membrane having a first side and a second side. Slurry electrodes can also include a mechanism that is configured to encapsulate a slurry against the first side of the ionically conductive membrane. The slurry can include an ionically conductive material and a plurality of electrically conducting high surface area particles. The mechanism and the first side of the ionically conductive membrane make up a housing for the slurry. Slurry electrodes can also include a connector configured to establish an electrical connection between the slurry and the DC generator.

US Patent:

20210260381, Aug 26, 2021

Filed:

Apr 26, 2021

Appl. No.:

17/239752

Inventors:

- Cleveland OH, US
Niloy Bhadra - Cleveland Heights OH, US

International Classification:

A61N 1/36
A61N 1/32
A61N 1/20
A61N 1/05

Abstract:

A method of blocking signal transmission through a nerve, with reduced onset activity includes applying an HFAC to an axon of a nerve to block the transmission of signals through the axon. The method may also include applying a direct current (DC) to the axon, increasing the amplitude of the DC over time to a predetermined amplitude, applying the HFAC, and then decreasing the DC. The method may also include temporarily reducing the amplitude of the HFAC to permit the transmission of signals through the axon and subsequently increasing the amplitude to block transmission without triggering an onset response. The method may also include temporarily applying an unbalanced charge to the nerve and then balancing the charge over time.

US Patent:

20210060339, Mar 4, 2021

Filed:

Dec 28, 2018

Appl. No.:

16/957808

Inventors:

- Cleveland OH, US
Jesse S. WAINRIGHT - Cleveland OH, US
Niloy BHADRA - Cleveland OH, US
Kevin L. KILGORE - Cleveland OH, US

International Classification:

A61N 1/36
A61N 1/05
A61N 1/04
A61N 1/20

Abstract:

The present disclose relates to slurry electrodes that can deliver direct current (DC) nerve conduction block to neural tissue. Such slurry electrodes can include an ionically conductive membrane having a first side and a second side. Slurry electrodes can also include a mechanism that is configured to encapsulate a slurry against the first side of the ionically conductive membrane. The slurry can include an ionically conductive material and a plurality of electrically conducting high surface area particles. The mechanism and the first side of the ionically conductive membrane make up a housing for the slurry. Slurry electrodes can also include a connector configured to establish an electrical connection between the slurry and the DC generator.

US Patent:

20210060344, Mar 4, 2021

Filed:

Dec 28, 2018

Appl. No.:

16/957762

Inventors:

- Cleveland OH, US
Laura SHAW - Cleveland OH, US
Kevin L. KILGORE - Cleveland OH, US
Niloy BHADRA - Cleveland OH, US

International Classification:

A61N 1/36
A61N 1/04
A61N 1/05
A61N 1/20

Abstract:

A DC nerve conduction block can be maintained by delivering a subthreshold direct current (DC) after priming a neural structure with a suprathreshold DC. A waveform generator can provide a DC waveform including a first phase with a first amplitude capable of providing a nerve conduction block of a neural structure within 1 second and a second phase with a second amplitude less than the first amplitude. One or more electrodes can deliver the first phase for to the neural structure for a first time to provide the nerve conduction block of the neural structure within 1 second and deliver the second phase to the neural structure for a second time to maintain the block of the neural structure. By maintaining the DC nerve conduction block with the subthreshold DC, significant power can be saved, resulting in an extended battery life of the waveform generator.

US Patent:

20200345255, Nov 5, 2020

Filed:

Oct 2, 2018

Appl. No.:

16/652692

Inventors:

- Cleveland OH, US
Tina L. VRABEC - Cleveland OH, US
Niloy BHADRA - Cleveland OH, US
Kevin L. KILGORE - Cleveland OH, US

International Classification:

A61B 5/04
A61N 1/05

Abstract:

A modified nerve cuff electrode is designed to enhance the stability of neural recording and/or nerve stimulation. Any nerve cuff electrode includes a nerve cuff and a plurality of electrodes within the nerve cuff. While traditional nerve cuff electrodes have every one of the plurality of electrode contacts on the inner surface of the nerve cuff, in the modified nerve cuff electrode each of an inner surface and an outer surface of the nerve cuff has at least one electrode contact. The at least one electrode contact on the outer surface can be electrically isolated from the peripheral nerve to provide a stable reference or ground during recording or a stable pathway for a return current during stimulation to enhance the stability of the recording or the stimulation.