Simple, inexpensive and durable multi-element lens systems are provided. These lens systems may be optically coupled to digital image-capturing devices, such as those used in digital cameras. Some lens systems of the present invention include a glass microsphere bonded to a planar surface of a glass hemisphere. In preferred lens systems, the thickness of the glass hemisphere is selected to form an image plane for transmitted light that is tangent to the surface of the microsphere. Accordingly, in digital cameras fabricated with such lens systems, the glass microsphere can be attached directly to a digital image-capturing device. These preferred lens systems require no focusing adjustment and are suitable for applications to requiring a wide field of view. In some embodiments, the glass microsphere is bonded to the glass hemisphere using a light-absorbing material in order to create an apodized pupil. Some such embodiments are fabricated with a light-absorbing material with an absorption coefficient that varies according to the wavelength of transmitted light.
Light Stimulating And Collecting Methods And Apparatus For Storage-Phosphor Image Plates
Methods and apparatus are described for retrieving information from a storage medium. A first portion of the surface of the storage medium is exposed to stimulating light which diffuses in the storage medium under a second portion of the surface adjacent the first portion. The second portion of the surface is shielded from exposure to the stimulating light. Stimulated light corresponding to the information is received with at least one detector positioned to receive the stimulated light via the second portion of the surface of the storage medium. The stimulated light is released from the storage medium in response to the stimulating light diffused under the second portion of the surface.
Design And Fabrication Process For A Lens System Optically Coupled To An Image-Capture Device
An optical system operable to transmit an energy flux is described. A first substantially spherical lens includes first and second substantially hemispherical portions joined at an interface. The interface includes a partially reflective material on a first substantially planar surface of at least one of the first and second hemispherical portions. A second lens has a convex surface and a second substantially planar surface. A portion of the second substantially planar surface of the second lens is secured to the first lens to form an optical axis. The first and second lenses are operable to transmit a first portion of the energy flux along the optical axis. The partially reflective surface is operable to reflect a second portion of the energy flux at an angle to the optical axis.
Electronic displays are provided which can reproduce image data with high contrast ratios and a gray scale range comparable to conventional X-ray film viewed on a light box. One such display includes a rear low-resolution LCD or DLP display which projects an image onto a high-resolution LCD display. In such embodiments, the mechanical and optical registration between the two displays is not critical. Therefore, modulation transfer function and distortion of the projection optics are not critical. Accordingly, the brightness of the inventive display can be maximized with high power lamps and high aperture projection optics. Because the display has a high dynamic range, the need for dynamic range compression algorithms is reduced.
Technique For Digitally Removing X-Ray Scatter In A Radiograph
Methods and apparatus for generating an x-ray image. An object is interposed between a detector and an x-ray source. A grid is interposed between the x-ray source and the object. The grid is exposed to primary x-ray energy generated by the x-ray source, thereby exposing the object to a first portion of the primary energy via the interstices of the grid. A second portion of the primary energy is received with first areas of the detector corresponding to the interstices of the grid. Secondary x-ray energy is received with the first areas of the detector and with second areas of the detector corresponding to the elements of the grid. The secondary energy results from scattering of the primary x-ray energy. Image data are generated by altering data from the first areas with reference to data from the second areas.
Light Stimulating And Collecting Methods And Apparatus For Storage-Phosphor Image Plates
Methods and apparatus are described for retrieving information from a storage medium. A first portion of the surface of the storage medium is exposed to stimulating light which diffuses in the storage medium under a second portion of the surface adjacent the first portion. The second portion of the surface is shielded from exposure to the stimulating light. Stimulated light corresponding to the information is received with at least one detector positioned to receive the stimulated light via the second portion of the surface of the storage medium. The stimulated light is released from the storage medium in response to the stimulating light diffused under the second portion of the surface.
Light Stimulating And Collecting Methods And Apparatus For Storage-Phosphor Image Plates
Methods and apparatus are described for retrieving information from a storage medium. A first portion of the surface of the storage medium is exposed to stimulating light which diffuses in the storage medium under a second portion of the surface adjacent the first portion. The second portion of the surface is shielded from exposure to the stimulating light. Stimulated light corresponding to the information is received with at least one detector positioned to receive the stimulated light via the second portion of the surface of the storage medium. The stimulated light is released from the storage medium in response to the stimulating light diffused under the second portion of the surface.
An adjustable apodized lens aperture is described which is constructed using photochromic material. As the excitation energy increases, the aperture constricts so as reduce the amount of light through the aperture. As the excitation energy decreases, the aperture dilates so as increase the amount of light through the aperture.
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