Abstract:
A solder joint () has a first contact pad and a second contact pad of a first metal, preferably copper, facing each other across a gap. A coat and , respectively) of a second metal, preferably nickel, covers each pad. A layer of crystals of first intermetallic compounds, such as NiSnand (Ni, Cu)Sn, covers the surface of each coat. Isolated crystals of second intermetallic compounds, such as CuSnand (Cu, Ni)Sn, different from the first intermetallic compounds, are dispersed on top of the layer of crystals of the first intermetallic compounds. A solder alloy including a third metal, preferably tin, and the first metal fills the gap. The solder alloy may further include a fourth metal, preferably selected from a group of metals including silver, zinc, and indium.