Abstract:
A sensor including a flexible substrate, a conductor disposed on the flexible substrate, and a hydrophilic surface coating disposed on the conductor. The flexible substrate and the conductor form wrinkle as a result of the substrate being shrunk. The hydrophilic surface coating is disposed in, e.g., fills, the wrinkles or covers surface areas of the conductor within invaginations of the wrinkles. Also disclosed are methods of preparing the sensor and methods of detecting an amount of an analyte in an aqueous solution. Methods of detecting an amount of analyte can include contacting the sensor with an aqueous solution, and detecting an electrical signal with the sensor, wherein the electrical signal is indicative of the amount of the analyte.