Clark K Colton

US Patent:

6368592, Apr 9, 2002

Filed:

Jul 16, 1999

Appl. No.:

09/356079

Inventors:

Clark K. Colton - Newton MA
Larry L. Swette - Newton MA

Assignee:

Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Cambridge MA

International Classification:

C12N 504

US Classification:

424 937, 424423, 435325, 435382, 435383, 4352891, 4352971

Abstract:

Oxygen is supplied to cells in vitro or in vivo by generating oxygen with an oxygen generator that electrolyzes water to oxygen and hydrogen. Oxygen can be generated substantially without generating free hydrogen using a multilayer electrolyzer sheet having a proton exchange membrane sandwiched by an anode layer and a cathode layer. The oxygen generator may be used to supply oxygen to cells contained by a culture plate, a culture flask, a microtiter plate or an extracorporeal circuit, or to cells in an encapsulating chamber for implanting in the body such as an immunoisolation chamber bounded by a semipermeable barrier layer that allows selected components to enter and leave the chamber. A bioactive molecule may be present with the cells. Oxygen can be delivered in situ to cells within the body such as by implanting the oxygen generator in proximity to cell-containing microcapsules in an intraperitoneal space, or by implanting a system containing the oxygen generator in proximity to an immunoisolation chamber containing cells.

US Patent:

7543480, Jun 9, 2009

Filed:

Nov 14, 2005

Appl. No.:

11/272032

Inventors:

Steven A. Africk - Waban MA, US
Clark K. Colton - Newton MA, US

Assignee:

Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Cambridge MA

International Classification:

G01N 11/10

US Classification:

73 5425, 600440, 73 5301, 73 5424, 73 6166, 73 6171

Abstract:

Devices, systems and methods for measuring and detecting properties of a variety of particles or cells in suspension. Properties, such as, for example, velocity of particles, concentration and/or size may be measured according to the methods of the invention. Acoustic energy may be introduced to a focal zone and narrow band interrogating signals may be used. The acoustic energy may cause movement or streaming of the fluid or suspension. The acoustic streaming may allow a Doppler effect measurement without any other source of velocity.

US Patent:

7984642, Jul 26, 2011

Filed:

Jun 9, 2009

Appl. No.:

12/481324

Inventors:

Steven A. Africk - Waban MA, US
Clark K. Colton - Newton MA, US

Assignee:

Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Cambridge MA

International Classification:

G01N 11/10

US Classification:

73 5425, 600440, 73 5301, 73 5424, 73 6166, 73 6171

Abstract:

Devices, systems and methods for measuring and detecting properties of a variety of particles or cells in suspension. Properties, such as, for example, velocity of particles, concentration and/or size may be measured according to the methods of the invention. Acoustic energy may be introduced to a focal zone and narrow band interrogating signals may be used. The acoustic energy may cause movement or streaming of the fluid or suspension. The acoustic streaming may allow a Doppler effect measurement without any other source of velocity.

US Patent:

8349991, Jan 8, 2013

Filed:

Apr 17, 2006

Appl. No.:

11/405012

Inventors:

Clark K. Colton - Newton MA, US
Arthur Watterson - Nashua NH, US
Rajesh Kumar - Dract MA, US
Virinder S. Parmar - Lowell MA, US
Robert Fisher - West Roxbury MA, US
Jayant Kumar - Westford MA, US

Assignee:

Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Cambridge MA
University of Massachusetts Lowell - Lowell MA

International Classification:

C08G 63/06
C08G 63/12
C08G 69/08
C08G 75/00
C08G 63/00
C08G 67/00
C08G 69/00
A61K 47/30

US Classification:

528209, 528331, 528172, 528271, 528272, 5147723

Abstract:

The present invention relates to amphiphilic polymers, and micelles and compositions comprising the same, and their use in a variety of biological settings, including imaging, targeting drugs, or a combination thereof for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

US Patent:

20030087427, May 8, 2003

Filed:

Oct 24, 2001

Appl. No.:

10/040278

Inventors:

Clark Colton - Newton MA, US
Larry Swette - Newton MA, US

International Classification:

C12M001/00
C12M003/00

US Classification:

435/289100

Abstract:

An apparatus and method to enhance oxygen delivery to tissue encapsulated in an immunobarrier device. In one embodiment, in situ electrochemical oxygen generation by electrolysis of water into oxygen and hydrogen supplies oxygen to the tissue. In one embodiment a thin, multilayer sheet electrolyzer is enclosed in silicone rubber membranes permeable to gas and water vapor but not liquids. The anode side of the electrolyzer is in contact with one face of the device. Water vapor diffuses into the electrolyzer, decomposes at the anode, and oxygen diffuses back through the membrane to the implanted tissue, thus providing a continuous supply of water, continuous diffusion of Oand Hout of the electrolyzer, and exclusion of biological components that might contaminate the electrolyzer.

US Patent:

20100261277, Oct 14, 2010

Filed:

Jun 13, 2008

Appl. No.:

12/664763

Inventors:

Clark K. Colton - Newton MA, US
Daryl Powers - Cambridge MA, US
Jeffrey R. Millman - Cambridge MA, US

Assignee:

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - CAMBRIDGE

International Classification:

C12N 5/02

US Classification:

435377

Abstract:

The invention provides methods for differentiating pluripotent stem cells such as ES cells with improved progenitor and differentiated cell yield using low oxygen conditions and optionally in the absence of exogenously added differentiation factors.

US Patent:

20110045077, Feb 24, 2011

Filed:

Nov 13, 2007

Appl. No.:

12/514753

Inventors:

Gordon Weir - Cambridge MA, US
Clark K. Colton - Newton MA, US
Esther O'Sullivan - Dublin, IE
Amy Lewis - Cambridge MA, US

International Classification:

A61K 9/14
A61K 35/39
A61P 3/10
A61P 3/08
A61P 1/18

US Classification:

424488, 424484, 424 937

Abstract:

This invention is directed, inter alia, to encapsulated cell products, compositions comprising the same and uses thereof to treat diabetes, and related complications, increase islet cell masses, improve a metabolic profile in a subject, and other related conditions. Processes to produce the encapsulated islet cell product are described.

US Patent:

20120203264, Aug 9, 2012

Filed:

Jan 23, 2012

Appl. No.:

13/355705

Inventors:

Anupama Karwa - San Francisco CA, US
Raj P. Ganpath - Sunnyvale CA, US
Clark K. Colton - Newton MA, US

Assignee:

Endologix, Inc. - Irvine CA

International Classification:

A61M 29/00

US Classification:

606194

Abstract:

Aneurysms are treated by filling at least one double-walled filling structure with a filling medium within the aneurysm, such as filling structures having a membrane that allows water molecules to permeate across the membrane in response to a water potential differential across the membrane. The transport of fluid across the membrane allows the bag to expand or shrink to accommodate changes in the size or shape of the aneurysm, thereby maintaining a seal between the filling structure against the vessel wall and maintaining apposition of the filling structure against the inside surface of the aneurysm. Transport of water molecules into or out of the filling structure is controlled by adjusting for the osmolarity of the filling fluid medium. The filling structures may be delivered over balloon deployment mechanisms in order to shape occlude the aneurysm and open a tubular lumen for flow of blood through the filling structure.