Paul Krusic - Wilmington DE, US Helen Lu - Wallingford PA, US Zhen-Yu Yang - Hockessin DE, US Clarence Law - Newark DE, US Joselyn Garner - Venice CA, US
Compositions containing functionalized carbon materials and their use, for example, as films for membranes or in other fabricated forms in electrode assemblies for electrochemical cells and fuel cells such as fuel cells are described.
Methanol Tolerant Catalyst Material Containing Membrane Electrode Assemblies And Fuel Cells Prepared Therewith
Methanol tolerant catalyst material containing membrane electrode assemblies and fuel cells prepared therewith are provided. A substrate is coated with an electrocatalyst coating composition that includes a methanol tolerant catalyst obtained by mixing together: (1) organometallic clusters containing (i) a carbonyl group or a cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon ligand group, and (ii) a chalcogen containing group selected from MFeX, MX, MClX, or mixtures thereof wherein M=Pt, Ru or Re, X=S, Se or Te, and m, n and p=1 or 2, (2) an electrically conductive component, and (3) an organic solvent, such that the clusters are adsorbed on the electrically conductive component; subsequently removing the solvent; and in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, heat-treating of the clusters adsorbed on the electrically conductive component at a temperature of at least 175 C. These coated substrates make good materials for use in positive electrodes in direct methanol fuel cells because the catalysts are tolerant towards methanol action after methanol crossover.
Paul Krusic - Wilmington DE, US Clarence Law - Newark DE, US Helen Lu - Wallingford PA, US Zhen-Yu Yang - Hockessin DE, US Jocelyn Garner - Venice CA, US
International Classification:
C07C 309/00 C07C 255/10
US Classification:
558425000, 562825000, 977738000
Abstract:
This invention relates to carbon materials, such as a fullerene molecule or a curved carbon nanostructure, that are functionalized by addition chemistry performed on surface C—C double bond.
Walter John Simmons - Martinsburg WV Clarence Garlan Law - West Trenton NJ James Arthur Trainham - Greenville DE John Scott Newman - Kensington CA
Assignee:
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company - Wilmington DE
International Classification:
C25B 904 C25B 1106 C25B 1120
US Classification:
204262
Abstract:
A conductive inflatable member is provided in an electrochemical cell between an electrode and a current for providing uniform contact pressure, and thus uniform electrical contact between the electrode and the current bus. The inflatable member may comprise a pair of flexible plates, where one plate is thinner than the other plate. The cell of the present invention is particularly useful in converting anhydrous hydrogen halide directly to essentially dry halogen gas, such as anhydrous hydrogen chloride to dry chlorine gas, or in converting aqueous hydrogen halide, such as aqueous hydrogen chloride, to wet chlorine gas.
Electrochemical Cell And Process For Splitting A Sulfate Solution And Producing A Hydroxide Solution, Sulfiric Acid And A Halogen Gas
Kenneth B. Keating - Wilmington DE James A. Trainham - Newark DE Clarence G. Law - West Trenton NJ John S. Newman - Kensington CA Douglas J. Eames - Chamblee GA
Assignee:
E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company - Wilmington DE
International Classification:
C25B 116
US Classification:
205508
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an electrochemical cell and a process for using a halogen halide and splitting a sulfate solution and producing a hydroxide solution, sulfuric acid and a halogen gas. In particular, the sulfate solution may be an alkali metal sulfate solution, such as sodium or potassium sulfate solution, an alkaline earth metal sulfate solution or an ammonium sulfate solution. The cell and the process may use either an anhydrous or an aqueous hydrogen halide, namely, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen bromide and hydrogen iodide, to a respective dry halogen gas, such as chlorine, fluorine, bromine, or iodine, to produce hydrogen ions in order to split the sulfate solution and form the sulfuric acid. The cell has two membrane-electrode assemblies, where an anode is disposed in contact with one membrane, and a cathode is disposed in contact with another membrane. The sulfate solution is fed in between the membrane-electrode assemblies.
Francisco Jose Freire - Wilmington DE Bruce Arthur Kaiser - Wilmington DE Vinci Martinez Felix - Kennett Square PA Dennie Turin Mah - Wilmington DE James Arthur Trainham - Greenville DE Clarence Garlan Law - West Trenton NJ John Scott Newman - Kensington CA
Assignee:
E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company - Wilmington DE
International Classification:
C25B 100 C25B 300
US Classification:
205551
Abstract:
A process and a system produces isocyanate and converts anhydrous hydrogen chloride, which is a by-product of isocyanate production, to chlorine gas in an electrochemical cell. The chlorine is recycled to the isocyanate process. Any unreacted anhydrous hydrogen chloride may be recycled to the electrochemical cell. By recycling the anhydrous hydrogen chloride and the chlorine, the process and system are able to reduce the cost of producing isocyanate. In addition, this process and system process eliminate or at least substantially minimize the problems associated with disposal of anhydrous hydrogen chloride by turning it into a useful starting material in the isocyanate process.
Electrochemical Conversion Of Anhydrous Hydrogen Halide To Halogen Gas Using An Electrochemical Cell
William H. Zimmerman - Wilmington DE James Arthur Trainham - Greenville DE Clarence Garlan Law - Franklin TN John Scott Newman - Kensington CA
Assignee:
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company - Wilmington DE
International Classification:
C25B 900 C25B 1110 C25B 1120 C25B 1308 C25B 1508
US Classification:
204252
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an electrochemical cell and a process for converting anhydrous hydrogen halide to halogen gas using a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) or a separate membrane and electrode arrangement, such as gas diffusion electrodes with a membrane.
Electrochemical Cell Having A Resilient Flow Field
Dennie Turin Mah - Wilmington DE James Arthur Trainham - Newark DE John Scott Newman - Kensington CA Clarence Garlan Law - West Trenton NJ
Assignee:
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company - Wilmington DE
International Classification:
C25B 900
US Classification:
204252
Abstract:
The invention relates to an electrochemical cell which has an electrode, a membrane disposed in contact with one side of the electrode, and a resilient flow field disposed on the other side of the electrode. The resilient flow field provides uniform electrical contact with the electrode. Such a flow field is preferably an elastomer, which can be be made by molding techniques, thereby decreasing the cost and increasing the ease with which such a flow field may be manufactured. The resilient flow field of the present invention is particularly useful in converting anhydrous hydrogen halide directly to essentially dry halogen gas, such as anhydrous hydrogen chloride to chlorine gas, although it may be used in a cell which converts aqueous reactants.