Abstract:
Disclosed herein are anatomic models that comprise components that simulate human or non-human animal components. The models may be used for development, experimentation, or training in the field of orthopedic surgical devices, and/or implant devices. The models may also be used for training of students in the medical field for procedures performed in practice, such as for example drawing blood from a patient, or placing a central line in a carotid artery of a patient. In exemplary embodiments, the models comprise structures such as cartilage, tendons, ligaments, organs, luminal structures, and muscles that are made of hydrogel materials.